Welcome to the eighth edition of the AI Index report. The 2025 Index is our most comprehensive to date and arrives at an important moment, as AI's influence across society, the economy, and global governance continues…
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… Open science in AI The practice of promoting transparency, reproducibility, and accessibility in artificial intelligence research through open sharing of data, code, and methodologies to …
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… The study in this research uses the literature method. The literature … artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) brings with it various ethical issues that developers, researchers, …
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Social Entrepreneurship is one combination of this type, and a complete shift in how societies address inequality, exclusion, and systemic inefficiencies. This study examines the…
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… research data provides technology providers with foundation to create scalable artificial intelligence … This research examines trends and patterns and detects the correlations between …
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Electrochemical energy conversion and storage have attracted widespread interest as green and sustainable technologies. In particular, research on water electrolysis and supercapacitors (SCs) has experienced significant…
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The illustrations in this book are created by “Team Educohack”. AI Breakthroughs: Theories and Concepts for Today is designed to guide readers through the essential scientific and technological principles that make…
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This chapter examines how artificial intelligence (AI) is improving neuropsychological practice and how AI tools can be used to diagnose treat and rehabilitate cognitive disorders. …
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Rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ) have sparked the interest of researchers in resolving this issue. Various technologies have been utilized such …
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… by technological breakthroughs and availability of funding. The spikes seen in 2013, 2016 and 2019 correspond with major technological breakthroughs in deep learning and neural …
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Background Large Language Models (LLMs), advanced AI tools based on transformer architectures, demonstrate significant potential in clinical medicine by enhancing decision support, diagnostics, and medical education.…
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… Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly being adopted in … model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD)-LLM, … TRIPOD-LLM provides a comprehensive checklist of 19 main …
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… The advent of large language models (LLMs) has marked a new … LLM usage. We further present the challenges associated with data bias, privacy, and the integration of these models …
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Progress in Artificial Intelligence - Significant accomplishments in many agricultural applications during the past decade attest to the fast progress and use of deep learning and machine learning...
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Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed the natural language processing landscape and brought to life diverse applications. Pretraining on vast web-scale data has laid the foundation for these models, yet the…
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… frameworks such as the EU AI Act and NIST's AI Risk Management Framework, … AI responsibly. Finally, we outline future directions including the rise of predictive cybersecurity, AI and …
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This research investigates the rapidly evolving relationship between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and cyber security, particularly how AI is impacting the cyber defense technologies. It seeks to examine the ambivalent…
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… in adversarial AI, automated threat intelligence, and AI-driven security orchestration, this … AI’s role in cybersecurity. Figure 1 shows the key areas where Artificial intelligence (AI) and …
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… holistic view on AI in cybersecurity: By achieving all of five research objectives above, we … on AI in cybersecurity, bridging the dominant technological dimension of AI in cybersecurity …
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… -AI. This research attempts to examine how adversarial AI threats evolve and their influences on cyber security and … The research classifies the adversarial AI threat into five main types: …
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The emergence of Quantum Computing (QC) presents a substantial risk to conventional cryptography systems, many of which are vulnerable to Shor’s factoring algorithm and other effective quantum algorithms. Post-quantum…
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Cluster Computing - With the emergence of quantum computers, traditional cryptographic methods are vulnerable to attacks, emphasizing the need for post-quantum cryptography to secure devices and...
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… impersonation, while Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and … AKA and explores hybrid post-quantum cryptography (PQC) as … A comparative analysis of hybrid cryptographic schemes …
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… of recent advancements in post-quantum cryptography (PQC), … this work is the proposed Hybrid Cryptographic Framework (HCF), … By aligning cryptographic design with international …
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… origin and development of zero-knowledge protocols in light of … is paid to such structures as zk-SNARKs, zk-STARKs, and … terms of efficient construction of proofs, standardizations, and …
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… Among zero-knowledge proof techniques, zk-SNARKs are perhaps the most commonly … ZeroKnowledge Proofs (ZKPs) have been proposed as a potential cryptographic solution to this …
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… We propose a comprehensive evaluation framework and apply it to zk-SNARK, zk-STARK, and Bulletproof protocols, analyzing metrics such as scalability, efficiency, and …
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… zero-knowledge proofs in ensuring verifiability, we present a comprehensive review of Zero-Knowledge Proof… succinct noninteractive argument of knowledge [36] (zk-SNARK) scheme is …
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Federated learning (FL) enables multiple participants to collaboratively train machine learning models while ensuring their data remains private and secure. Blockchain technology further enhances FL by providing…
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… section of quantum computing and evolutionary algorithms and … fields of quantum computing and evolutionary algorithms, en… will apply this algorithm to a quantum computer to address …
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… in quantum-enhanced classical ML to native quantum algorithms and hybrid quantum-… It varies from applications in optimization, drug discovery, and quantum-secured communications, …
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Quantum Computing in Artificial Intelligence: a Review of Quantum Machine Learning Algorithms
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Quantum computing presents computational powers previously thought unattainable. This brings severe threats to classical cryptographic methods, especially RSA and ECC . This paper addresses these risks through a…
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… of quantum computing and drug discovery, marking a quantum … algorithm demonstrates how quantum computing can enhance classical computation, leading to more efficient algorithms…
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… of smart contract assurance, covering the primary security threats and mitigation strategies throughout the contract … security and trustworthiness of smart contracts, and discuss future …
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… Technologies like blockchain and smart contracts offer significant potential for facilitating energy transactions within decentralized systems, mainly due to their capacity to facilitate …
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This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of the intersection between machine learning and smart contract vulnerabilities on the Ethereum blockchain. Introduced by Vitalik …
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… of encoding into smart contracts specific auditing rules that … , smart contract development, and workflow procedures. Simulation results demonstrate that blockchain-based smart contract …
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… of blockchain technology has given rise to smart contracts, a … blockchain-based smart contract is a self-executing contract built on decentralized platforms and supported by a blockchain …
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Large language models and autonomous AI agents have evolved rapidly, resulting in a diverse array of evaluation benchmarks, frameworks, and collaboration protocols. Driven by the growing need for standardized evaluation…
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… of the role and capabilities of AI agents in annotation is still … agents support advanced reasoning strategies, adaptive learning, and collaborative annotation efforts. We analyze agent …
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… agents, we highlight the profound computational demands introduced by AI agent workflows, … These results call for a paradigm shift in agent design toward compute-efficient reasoning, …
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Precision therapeutics require multimodal adaptive models that generate personalized treatment recommendations. We introduce TxAgent, an AI agent that leverages multi-step reasoning and real-time biomedical knowledge…
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… Artificial intelligence has experienced a significant boom with the emergence of agentic AI, where autonomous agents … , comprehensive information on agentic AI remains scarce in the …
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This paper grounds ethics in evolutionary biology, viewing moral norms as adaptive mechanisms that render cooperation fitness-viable under selection pressure. Current alignment approaches add ethics post hoc, treating…
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Shaona Ghosh, Prasoon Varshney, Makesh Narsimhan Sreedhar, Aishwarya Padmakumar, Traian Rebedea, Jibin Rajan Varghese, Christopher Parisien. Proceedings of the 2025 Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of…
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… AI alignment, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of its fundamental concepts, motivations, and the alignment … growing body of knowledge in AI safety, offering insights for …
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AI alignment research aims to develop techniques to ensure that AI systems do not cause harm. However, every alignment technique has failure modes, which are conditions in which there is a non-negligible chance that the…
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This paper critically evaluates the attempts to align Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, especially Large Language Models (LLMs), with human values and intentions through Reinforcement Learning from Feedback methods,…
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